stressed vowels are long if following consonant is short.
and
are used mainly in unstressed positions or when followed by a consonant cluster
The usual way for representing consonants is:
phoneme
usual way
before front vowels
p
p:
t
t:
k
k:
m
n
n:
J
ts
dZ
dj\
tC
B
v
f
D
s
s:
j\
or
C
G
x
h
l
or
l:
r
r:
kw
*
hw
Diagraphs such as for
are allowed. Long consonants are geminated.
is preffered over
, except in some borrowings.
*: it actually uses ,
, or
Reading a text
The sound of the vowels is:
symbol
long stressed
short stressed
unstressed
A:
a
@
e:
E
@
i:
i
I
o:
O
o
u:
u
U
ju:
ju
jU
E:
E
O:
O
{:j
{j
aI
O:w
Ow
@U
i:
i
o:j
oj
OI
u:
u
wi:
wi
wI
undefined
undefined
and
(as a vowel) are undefined as well as all composit vowels containing them.
would be usually pronounced as /e/, /E/ or /o/, while
will be usually be pronounced /i/ when not a consonant /j\/.
symbol
long stressed
short stressed
unstressed
ja:
ja
j@
je:
je
j@
e:o
ew
@U
ju:
ju
jU
undefined
jo:
jo
jo
undefined
o:e
oj
OI
undefined
wa:
wa
w@
we:
we
w@
wo:
wo
wo
undefined
undefined
undefined
undefined
undefined
undefined
undefined
undefined
undefined
The sound of the consonants is:
symbol
usual sound
before front vowels
j\
B
k
tC
d
dj\
f
f
G
dZ
h
h
x
j\
k
l
undefined
l
m
n
J
n o Ng
p
undefined
r
r:
s
t
undefined
v
hw
undefined
ts
symbol
usual sound
before front vowels
k:
J
n:
p:
undefined
undefined
sk
s:
C
t:
undefined
undefined
symbol
usual sound
before front vowels
k
dZ
g
tC
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